<text><span class="style42"></span><span class="style12">NEPAL</span><span class="style14"></span><span class="style42">Official name: </span><span class="style13">Nepal Adhirajya (Kingdom of Nepal)</span><span class="style42">Member of: </span><span class="style13">UN</span><span class="style42">Area: </span><span class="style13">147181 km2 (56827 sq mi)</span><span class="style42">Population: </span><span class="style13">19265000 (1993 est)</span><span class="style42">Capital: </span><span class="style13">Kathmandu 420000 (city 235000; 1987 est)</span><span class="style42">Languages: </span><span class="style13">Nepali (official; 58%), Bihari (19%)</span><span class="style42">Religions: </span><span class="style13">Hindu (official; 90%), Buddhist (5%)</span><span class="style42">GOVERNMENT</span><span class="style13">Nepal is a constitutional monarchy. The 205-member House of Representatives (lower house) is elected for five years by universal adult suffrage. The House elects a Prime Minister and other Ministers. The National Council (upper house) consists of 60 appointed and indirectly elected members chosen for a six-year term.</span><span class="style42">GEOGRAPHY</span><span class="style13">In the south are densely populated subtropical lowlands. A hilly central belt is divided by fertile valleys. The Himalaya dominate the north, and include Mount Everest ΓÇô 8863 m / 29 078 ft ΓÇô on the Chinese border. </span><span class="style42">Climate: </span><span class="style13">The climate varies between the subtropical south and the glacial Himalayan peaks. All of Nepal experiences the monsoon.</span><span class="style42">ECONOMY</span><span class="style13">Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world. Most of the labor force is involved in subsistence farming, mainly growing rice, barley and maize. Forestry is important, but increased farming has led to deforestation. </span><span class="style42">Currency: </span><span class="style13">Nepalese rupee.</span><span class="style42">HISTORY</span><span class="style13">The Kathmandu Valley supported a Hindu-Buddhist culture by the 4th century ad. In 1768 the ruler of the principality of Gurkha in the west conquered the Valley, and began a phase of expansion that ended in defeat by the Chinese in Tibet (1792) and the British in India (1816). From 1846 to 1950 the Rana family held sway as hereditary chief ministers of a powerless monarchy. Their isolationist policy preserved NepalΓÇÖs independence at the expense of its development. A brief experiment with democracy was followed by a re-assertion of royal autocracy (1960). Violent pro-democracy demonstrations (1990) forced the king to concede a democratic constitution. Multi-party elections were held in 1991 and 1994.</span></text>